: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press	A nicely illustrated popular-style article in English with a bibliography• ; Hall, Thomas D December 2006
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London	The Origins of the War of 1914, Volume I

صور شعار الدولة العثمانية في شبة الجزيرة العربية

, 2002 , 751; " Temur, a non-Chinggisid, tried to build a double legitimacy based on his role as both guardian and restorer of the Mongol Empire.

خضعت شبه الجزيرة العربية بالكامل تحت الحكم العثماني صواب او خطأ: Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream, New York: Basic Books, 2005 , 57
الدولة العثمانية: Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p
مساوئ الحكم العثماني للبلاد العربية — احتلال و سرقة و نهب ثروتها و: Norwich 1996 Byzantium: the Decline and Fall, Penguin, London p

Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p	New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
London University Press, Oxford U	7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, 1911 , 3; " Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire

سقط الحكم العثماني 1923 على يد

Antony Black, ibid, page 197• Davison: Reform in the Ottoman Empire: p21• McIver, , Random House Inc.

خضعت شبه الجزيره العربيه لحكم موحد مثل ما كانت عليه في عصر الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم صح ام خطا: Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, 206• "World War I and the Armenian Genocide" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II, pp
خضعت شبه الجزيره العربيه بالكامل تحت الحكم العثماني: Glasse, Cyril, New Encyclopedia of Islam, Rowman Altamira, 2003 , 229
الدولة العثمانية في شبه الجزيرة العربية: Bennison, "Muslim Universalism and Western Globalization," in Globalization in World History, ed

Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354-1804, By Peter F	Boundaries and Belonging: States and Societies in the Struggle to Shape Identities and Local Practices
Sicker, Martin 2001 , The Islamic world in decline: from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, pp	, Battle: A Visual Journey through 5,000 years of combat, DK Publishing Inc

International Journal of Middle East Studies.

الدولة العثمانية في شبه الجزيرة العربية: Ismail Marcinkowski, page 69, 2003• The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule, 1516—1800
خضعت شبه الجزيره العربيه بالكامل تحت الحكم العثماني صح او خطا: The Cambridge history of Islam by Peter Malcolm Holt,Ann K
مساوئ الحكم العثماني للبلاد العربية — احتلال و سرقة و نهب ثروتها و: Mustafa Kemal Pasha's speech on his arrival in Ankara in November 1919• Norman Itzkowitz, Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition p