IBM System Object Model, feature-rich alternative to COM• All threads accessing COM objects similarly live in one apartment Each apartment represents one mechanism whereby an object's internal state may be synchronized across multiple threads
with open source dumper utility Object framework [ ] Because COM is a runtime framework, types have to be individually identifiable and specifiable at runtime

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Thus, the COM run-time provides automatic synchronization to ensure that each method call of an object is always executed to completion before another is invoked.

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Rather, object references are simply passed across function boundaries and allocated via standard language constructs e
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Networked DCOM uses binary , while WCF encourages the use of -based messaging
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This allows techniques such as inter-process, or even inter-computer programming the latter using the support of DCOM
, who was involved in the creation of the COM architecture, later distributed two internal papers in Microsoft that embraced the concept of software components: Object Architecture: Dealing With the Unknown — or — Type Safety in a Dynamically Extensible Class Library in 1988 and On Inheritance: What It Means and How To Use It in 1990 Common Object Request Broker Architecture, open cross language cross platform object model• The IDL files containing COM interfaces and classes are compiled into type libraries TLB files, which can later be parsed by clients at runtime to determine which interfaces an object supports, and invoke an object's interface methods
The API definitions are, however, stored in " NET sides, objects using the other technology appear as native objects

Component Object Model

and [ ] As a cross-language component model, COM relies on an interface definition language, or IDL, to describe the objects and associated functions.

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Out-of-process and remote objects use to serialize method calls and return values over process or network boundaries
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Classes are created based on their class ID or based on their programmatic identifier string
Component Object Model
Free — called by method callers to free callee-allocated buffers once no longer in use Some implementations of Nano-COM such as Direct3D eschew the allocator functions and restrict themselves to only use caller-allocated buffers